4. Kata Benda Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin
A. Masculine and Feminine Gender (Jenis Kelamin Laki-Laki dan Perempuan)
Ada 3 cara untuk membedakan benda yang berjenis kelamin laki-laki (masculine gender) dan perempuan (feminine gender), yaitu:
- Contoh cara membedakannya dari perubahan kata.
| Masculine | Feminine |
|---|---|
| father (ayah) | mother (ibu) |
| brother (saudara laki-laki) | sister (saudara perempuan) |
| uncle (paman) | aunt (bibi) |
| son (anak laki-laki) | daughter (anak perempuan) |
| nephew (kemenakan lk) | niece (kemenakan pr) |
| husband (suami) | wife (istri) |
| boy (anak laki-laki) | girl (anak perempuan) |
| man (orang laki-laki) | woman (orang perempuan) |
| male (laki-laki) | female (perempuan) |
| gentleman (tuan) | lady (nyonya) |
| sir (tuan) | madam (nyonya) |
| bachelor (perjaka) | spinster (gadis) |
| lord (bangsawan lk) | lady (bangsawan pr) |
| king (raja) | queen (ratu) |
| earl (pangeran lk) | countess (pangeran pr) |
| monk (biarawan) | nun (biarawati) |
| widow (duda) | widower (janda) |
| youth (pemuda) | damsel (pemudi) |
| sloven (pria kotor) | slut (perempuan kotor) |
| ox (sapi jantan) | cow (sapi betina) |
| cock (ayam jantan) | hen (ayam betina) |
| drake (itik jantan) | duck (itik betina) |
| drone (lebah jantan) | bee (lebah betina) |
| gander (angsa jantan) | goose (angsa betina) |
| stallion (kuda jantan) | mare (kuda betina) |
- Contoh cara membedakannya dengan ditambahkan akhiran -ess pada bentuk masculine gender.
| Masculine (laki-laki) | Feminine (perempuan) | Arti |
|---|---|---|
| author | authoress | pengarang |
| abbot | abbess | kepala biara |
| actor | actress | aktor/aktris |
| adventurer | adventuress | petualang |
| ambassador | ambassadress | duta |
| baron | baroness | bangsawan |
| count | countess | pangeran |
| deacon | deaconess | dermawan |
| giant | giantess | raksasa |
| god | godess | dewa/dewi |
| heir | heiress | ahli waris |
| host | hostess | tuan rumah |
| lion | lioness | singa jantan/betina |
| mayor | mayoress | walikota |
| patron | patroness | pelindung |
| poet | poetess | penyair |
| porter | porteress | kuli |
| priest | priestess | pendeta |
| tutor | tutoress | tutor |
| director | directress | direksi |
| hunter | huntress | pemburu |
| tempter | temptress | penggoda |
| instructor | instructress | pelatih |
| prince | princess | putera/puteri raja |
| protector | protectress | pelindung |
| tiger | tigress | harimau jantan/betina |
| duke | duchess | bangsawan |
| emperor | empress | kaisar |
| sorcerer | sorceress | penyihir |
| waiter | waitress | pelayan |
| mister (Mr.) | mistress (Mrs.) | tuan/nyonya |
- Tetapi ada contoh beberapa kata yang tidak beraturan.
| Masculine (laki-laki) | Feminine (perempuan) | Arti |
|---|---|---|
| fiance | fiancee | tunangan |
| bridegroom | bride | mempelai |
| widow | widower | duda/janda |
| executor | executrix | pelaksana wasit |
| beau | belle | pesolek |
| fox | vixen | rubah jantan/betina |
| sultan | sultans | sultan/istri sultan |
- Ada juga beberapa contoh kata berasal dari common gender yang dapat dibentuk menjadi masculine atau feminine gender dengan menggabungkannya bersama kata benda yang menunjukkan jenis kelamin, seperti father/mother, son/daughter.
| Masculine (laki-laki) | Feminine (perempuan) | Arti |
|---|---|---|
| grand father | grand mother | kakek/nenek |
| grand son | grand daughter | cucu |
| adopted father | adopted mother | ayah/ibu angkat |
| adopted son | adopted daughter | anak angkat |
| step father | step mother | ayah/ibu tiri |
| step son | step daughter | anak tiri |
| step brother | step sister | saudara tiri |
| headmaster | headmistress | kepala sekolah |
| landlord | landlady | tuan tanah |
| postman | postwoman | tukang pos |
| policeman | policewoman | polisi |
| youngman | younglady | pemuda/pemudi |
- Atau ada juga beberapa contoh kata dapat ditambahkan kata benda boy/girl, she/he, male/female, billy/nanny di depannya.
| Masculine (laki-laki) | Feminine (perempuan) | Arti |
|---|---|---|
| billy goat | nanny goat | kambing jantan/betina |
| boy scout | girl scout | pandu |
| boy cousin | girl cousin | sepupu |
| boy friend | girl friend | pacar |
| buck rabbit | doe rabbit | kelinci jantan/betina |
| bull calf | coe calf | anak sapi jantan/betina |
| he ass | she ass | keledai jantan/betina |
| he bear | she bear | beruang jantan/betina |
| he goat | she goat | kambing jantan/betina |
| he wolf | she wolf | serigala jantan/betina |
| mancook | womancook | juru masak |
| manclerk | womanclerk | juru tulis |
| manservant | womanservant | pelayan |
| tom cat | she cat | kucing jantan/betina |
B. Common Gender (Jenis Kelamin Umum)
Common Gender adalah kata benda yang dapat berjenis kelamin laki-laki atau perempuan, jantan atau betina. Biasanya yang menunjukkan jabatan atau kedudukan seseorang, serta nama jenis hewan juga termasuk. Contoh common gender sebagai berikut:
- parent = orang tua
- adult = orang dewasa
- companion = sahabat
- cousin = sepupu
- comrade = kawan
- guardian = penjaga
- guest = tamu
- infant = bayi
- juvenile = remaja
- orphan = anak yatim piatu
- darling = kekasih
- driver = pengemudi
- foe = musuh
- friend = teman
- teacher = guru
- student = pelajar
- doctor = dokter
- secretary = sekretaris
- children = anak-anak
- farmer = petani
- lawyer = pengacara
- baby = bayi
- cattle = ternak
- calf = anak sapi
- swan = angsa
- owner = pemilik
- passenger = penumpang
- pupil = murid
- relation = kerabat
- scholar = sarjana
- singer = penyanyi
- tourist = pelancong
- traveller = pengembara
- visitor = pengunjung
- wanderer = pengembara
- people = orang-orang
- animal = binatang
- deer = rusa
- fowl = unggas
- pig = babi
- sheep = domba
C. Neuter Gender (Jenis Kelamin Netral)
Neuter Gender adalah kata benda yang tidak mengenal jenis kelamin atau netral, dan hanya digunakan untuk kata benda yang tidak bernyawa.
Semua contoh dari material noun, collective noun, dan abstract noun termasuk neuter gender karena 3 jenis kata benda tersebut tidak bernyawa/berjiwa. Sementara, tidak semua common noun dan proper noun termasuk neuter gender. Contoh neuter gender sebagai berikut:
- bag = tas
- bread = roti
- wine = anggur
- milk = susu
- iron = besi
- gold = emas
- chalk = kapur
- coconut = kelapa
- door = pintu
- box = kotak
- butter = mentega
- flour = tepung
- silver = perak
- steel = baja
- zinc = seng
- chair = kursi
- cocoa = coklat
- window = jendela
- table = meja
- knife = pisau
- money = uang
- street = jalan
- happiness = kegembiraan
- freedom = kebebasan
- beauty = kecantikan
- floor = lantai
- mirror = kaca
- school = sekolah
- stairs = tangga
- honesty = kejujuran
- health = kesehatan
- anger = kemarahan
Personal Exercise (Latihan Soal Mandiri)
One day, a student named Andi visited Borobudur Temple with his teacher and classmates, consist of 14 boys and 15 girls. They joined a group of visitors and saw a herd of deer near the gate. Inside, Andi admired statues made of stone, wood, and bronze. He felt a deep respect for the culture, grew his love for history, and gained new knowledge. At the end of the trip, they returned to school with happy memories.
- Temukan 2 masculine gender of nouns dari teks cerita tersebut!
- Temukan 1 feminine gender of nouns dari teks cerita tersebut!
- Temukan 5 common gender of nouns dari teks cerita tersebut!
- Temukan 18 neuter gender of nouns dari teks cerita tersebut!
🔴 Klik kunci jawabannya di sini !!!
- Andi, boys.
- girls.
- Student, teacher, classmates, visitors, deer.
- Gate, statues, school, Borobudur Temple, group, herd, memories, stone, wood, bronze, day, respect, culture, love, history, knowledge, end, trip.
Lanjut belajar ke halaman 6 (page of 6).